不過我會(huì)努力的,還要進(jìn)一步熟悉; 2、電腦操作技能以及阿里巴巴平臺(tái)的操作,學(xué)會(huì)自己PS圖片,學(xué)會(huì)制作自己的報(bào)價(jià)單; 3、外貿(mào)函電知識(shí)及英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ),學(xué)習(xí)如何寫開發(fā)信,建交函,發(fā)盤,報(bào)價(jià)。學(xué)習(xí)如何與客人交流; 4、實(shí)際中的業(yè)務(wù)操作,從貿(mào)易磋商,

自然就能有比較好的商務(wù)洽談能力,因?yàn)檫@些句子和知識(shí)都是常用的,存放于大腦中,隨取隨用。第3就是行為表達(dá)方式,比如招投標(biāo)活動(dòng)等。當(dāng)然我門的重點(diǎn)在筆聊。我們需要用的國(guó)際商務(wù)信函就7種,他們分別是:建交函,詢盤函,發(fā)盤函,還盤函,

起初，我們寫一封商務(wù)建交函都覺得很生疏，不知該從何入手，算一筆進(jìn)出口報(bào)價(jià)核算都要算上一兩個(gè)小時(shí)，而且還未必正確，總是丟三落四。經(jīng)過第一個(gè)星期的不斷練習(xí)，使得我在后來的操作練習(xí)中處理起來比之前要熟練地多了。

Dear Mr/Mrs.XXX How are u ?Glad to hear that you 're market in tyre.We are specialize in this field for many years,with the strength of STAY WILDESS tyre,withe high quality and competitive price.Shou

Gimhae is a state-owned foreign trade enterprises, in recent years, along with internal reforms and the rapid increase in business volume, the company and enhance the economic forces and reform the management sy

欲覓一家中國(guó)公司,從事工業(yè)產(chǎn)品的進(jìn)出口業(yè)務(wù)。請(qǐng)據(jù)此以華東貿(mào)易公司的身份寫一封建交信。 注:雙方均為進(jìn)出口公司。 答案: EAST-CHINA TRADING CORP. 475 Dongchang Road Shanghai, China Date: *** Mid-West Import & Export, Inc.

1. 說明信息來源；2. 言明去函目的；3. 本公司概述；4. 產(chǎn)品介紹；5. 激勵(lì)性結(jié)尾。

有誰(shuí)知道國(guó)際貿(mào)易建交函該怎么寫?我指的是具體內(nèi)容

我們?cè)谶@次上機(jī)模擬操作中，共有十五個(gè)主要業(yè)務(wù)操作，包括寫一些信函（如建交函、發(fā)盤函、還盤函、簽約函及改證函等）、進(jìn)行出口成本核算、信用證的審核及修改、租船訂艙、報(bào)關(guān)、保險(xiǎn)及各類單據(jù)的編制等，它們是按照正常的

外貿(mào)函電比較容易 因?yàn)樵趪?guó)際貿(mào)易實(shí)務(wù)中做一筆完整的交易，其中第一步就是發(fā)送建交函，也就是說國(guó)際貿(mào)易實(shí)物其實(shí)是包含了外貿(mào)函電這個(gè)考試內(nèi)容的。

首先首先問候別人，然后介紹自己，介紹公司及產(chǎn)品，最后表達(dá)希望建交的心情，最后祝福,落款

形式，格式，往來對(duì)象不同。詢盤可采用口頭，書面形式，電子郵件等形式，建交函是以信件形式。詢盤沒有固定格式，建交函有固定的格式。詢盤一般多由買方向賣方發(fā)出，建交函多事出口商主動(dòng)聯(lián)系進(jìn)口商。外貿(mào)函電是指在國(guó)際貿(mào)易

一封標(biāo)準(zhǔn)建交函應(yīng)包含的內(nèi)容 1.說明信息來源 We learned from…that you are interest in…We have obtained your name and address from…2.言明去函目的 We are writing to you to establish trade relations with you

公司擁有經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的制鞋專業(yè)人員, 品質(zhì)管理人員及國(guó)際貿(mào)易人員,并與市內(nèi)和附近的十余制鞋廠家建立了密切的聯(lián)系,可確保穩(wěn)定廣泛的貨源及質(zhì)量。 公司竭誠(chéng)與國(guó)內(nèi)外的客戶尋求合作機(jī)會(huì),可通過如興辦合資鞋廠,或來樣加工、補(bǔ)償貿(mào)易等多種形式,

Gimhae is a state-owned foreign trade enterprises, in recent years, along with internal reforms and the rapid increase in business volume, the company and enhance the economic forces and reform the management sy

求外貿(mào)建交函。

1.Dear Mr. Li,Your firm has been recommended 1 to us by the Dickson Electrics Company, with whom we have done business for many years.We are interested in your Electric Typewriters for use in offices and

2007年10月20日 告訴對(duì)方,其對(duì)2000打餐桌布(table-cloth)的還盤已收到? (2) 盡管對(duì)方的還盤低于現(xiàn)行市價(jià),為了鼓勵(lì)業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展,你搜檔網(wǎng) 告知對(duì)方其對(duì)2000打餐桌布的還盤已收到英語(yǔ)函電書寫 - 百度文庫(kù) 外貿(mào)

We will arrange shipment when we receive your L/C amendment advice. 外貿(mào)函電范文包括詢盤、發(fā)盤、換盤、接受 1. Dear Mr. Li, Your firm has been remended 1 to us by the Dickson Electrics Company, with whom we have

外貿(mào)詢盤函電中英文范文 Dear Ms Zhang,I know your company from our partners: John&Son Co, I am interested in your item of embroidered tablecloth.Please send me your catolog and your price with the follow

外貿(mào)函電中英文范文怎么寫

Dear Sir or Madam,Nice to contact you !We are glad to know your name and address on the Internet . Here writing you with expectation of establishing business relationship . Now we take this opportunity to

客服工作日?qǐng)?bào)每日總結(jié)范文(精選6篇)【篇一】   所學(xué)知識(shí)要用到實(shí)際工作中,需實(shí)踐的經(jīng)驗(yàn),要下大功夫。在當(dāng)服務(wù)員的過程中,我總把自己當(dāng)作是個(gè)管理者來看待公司的日常工作,從一個(gè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的角度來考慮著一些問題,總想著用所學(xué)過

范文1介紹經(jīng)營(yíng)業(yè)務(wù) ———：臺(tái)布 我們從我駐巴基斯坦使館商務(wù)參贊處得悉貴公司的名稱和地址，現(xiàn)借此機(jī)會(huì)與你方通信，意在建立友好業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系。我們是一家國(guó)營(yíng)公司，專門經(jīng)營(yíng)臺(tái)布出口業(yè)務(wù)。我們能接受顧客的來樣定貨，來樣中可具

中文建交函例文

　　建交函是基本國(guó)際商務(wù)信函的七種之一。 　　一封標(biāo)準(zhǔn)建交函應(yīng)該包括以下內(nèi)容： 　　1. 說明信息來源； 　　2. 言明去函目的； 　　3. 本公司概述； 　　4. 產(chǎn)品介紹； 　　5. 激勵(lì)性結(jié)尾。
　　Dear Sir or Madam, 　　Nice to contact you !We are glad to know your name and address on the Internet . Here writing you with expectation of establishing business relationship . Now we take this opportunity to introduce our company. 　　公司名字was founded in 2005 is located in 公司地點(diǎn). We have a very large international business with lots of countries. The main export business: 產(chǎn)品名字. 　　If something is attracting ,please let us know, then we should send you the price sheet. Hope our products meet your market. So that we can start our bbusiness relationship for mutual benefit. 　　Thanking you in advance and looking forward to having your kind views on our business cooperation proposal. 　　Your prompt reply would be highly appreciated waiting for your kindly reply. 　　Yours faithfully 　　Fax:+86-413-758**** 　　Mobile:+86-1514******* 　　Email:****2010@yahoo.cn 　　Skype:***** 　　www.****.com 公司網(wǎng)站 　　你是新手吧，我也是。這個(gè)是我前幾天用的，希望對(duì)你有幫助
　　1. 　　華東貿(mào)易公司（East-China Trading Corp.）的傳統(tǒng)客戶局限在歐洲。新近從美國(guó)駐上海使館商務(wù)參贊處得知，美國(guó)芝加哥 MID-WEST 公司（Mid-West Import & Export, Inc.）欲覓一家中國(guó)公司，從事工業(yè)產(chǎn)品的進(jìn)出口業(yè)務(wù)。請(qǐng)據(jù)此以華東貿(mào)易公司的身份寫一封建交信。 　　注：雙方均為進(jìn)出口公司。 　　答案: 　　EAST-CHINA TRADING CORP. 　　475 Dongchang Road 　　Shanghai, China 　　Date: **** 　　Mid-West Import & Export, Inc. 　　300 South Michigan Avenue 　　Chicago 　　USA 　　Dear Sir or Madam, 　　The Commercial Counselor of your Embassy in Shanghai has recommend your firm as being interested in entering into business relations with a Chinese company for the purpose of exchanging various commodities between the two countries. 　　We specialize in Europe trade and we are very well connected with all the major dealers here of industrial products. But we have had no contact with your country. We're writing to you in order to ascertain whether cooperation to the advantage of both our parties could be established. 　　We invite you to send us details and prices, possibly also samples of such goods, as you are interested in selling. We shall be glad to study the sales possibilities in our market. On the other hand, please send us a list of those articles you are interested in obtaining from here, so that we can quote favorably on them and give you all the necessary information you need. 　　We look forward to hearing from you soon. 　　Yours sincerely, 　　East-China Trading Corp. 　　2. 　　網(wǎng)上有一則悉尼THOMAS WILSON CO.,LTD的求購(gòu)廣告,急需一批EVA底運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋。發(fā)份E-MAIL 過去，再寄一套最新目錄。下面是公司的有關(guān)情況，你可以參考一下。 　　上海杰西化工進(jìn)出口公司是一家國(guó)有外貿(mào)企業(yè)，主要經(jīng)營(yíng)化學(xué)工業(yè)所需原料及相關(guān)產(chǎn)品的進(jìn)出口業(yè)務(wù)。近年來，隨著公司內(nèi)部管理體制的改革及外貿(mào)業(yè)務(wù)的高速發(fā)展，公司已經(jīng)取得了巨大的成績(jī)。 　　橡膠制品部是公司的主要業(yè)務(wù)部門之一，經(jīng)營(yíng)各類國(guó)產(chǎn)鞋類的出口，包括布面膠鞋、睡鞋、童鞋、膠底皮鞋、便鞋及EVA底運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋等，產(chǎn)品行銷香港、歐洲、美國(guó)及亞洲市場(chǎng)。 　　公司擁有經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的制鞋專業(yè)人員， 品質(zhì)管理人員及國(guó)際貿(mào)易人員，并與市內(nèi)和附近的十余制鞋廠家建立了密切的聯(lián)系，可確保穩(wěn)定廣泛的貨源及質(zhì)量。 　　公司竭誠(chéng)與國(guó)內(nèi)外的客戶尋求合作機(jī)會(huì)，可通過如興辦合資鞋廠，或來樣加工、補(bǔ)償貿(mào)易等多種形式，愿意按照互利互惠、共同發(fā)展的則同全世界的鞋類經(jīng)銷商聯(lián)系。 　　答案: 　　Dear Sir or Madam, 　　We learned from the Internet that you are in the market for jogging shoes with EVA sole, which just fall into our business scope. We are writing to enter into business relations with you on a basis of mutual benefits and common developments. 　　Our corporation, as a state-owned foreign trade organization, deals in the import and export of raw materials and relevant products for chemical industry. We have a Rubber Products Department, which specialize in the export of various kinds of shoes made in China including jogging shoes with EVA sole of fashionable designs, comfortable feeling, and high popularity in America, Europe and Asia. We have established close business relationship with more than a dozen of shoe manufacturers so that the stable supplies, the quality guarantee as well as the flexible ways of doing business can be reached. 　　Enclosed is our latest catalogue on jogging shoes with EVA sole, which may meet with your demand. If there isn't, please let us know your specific requirements. We can also produce according to your designated styles. 　　It will be a great pleasure to receive your inquiries against which we will send you our best quotations. 　　We are looking forward to your prompt reply. 　　Yours faithfully, 　　SHANGHAI JIEXI CHEMICALS IMPORT AND EXPORT CORPORATION 　　X X X 　　3. 　　一天，你在工作筆記上發(fā)現(xiàn)了如下一段文字： 　　Freemen & Co., Ltd., 2378 Flee Street,Lagos, Nigeria 　　除此之外便沒有更多的信息。作為上海機(jī)械進(jìn)出口公司( 北京東路231號(hào))的外銷員，請(qǐng)擬寫一封信函，附寄最新目錄，以拓展出口市場(chǎng)。 　　答案: 　　SHANGHAI MACHINERY IMPORT & EXPORT COMPANY 　　231 EAST BEIJING ROAD 　　SHANGHAI， CHINA 　　Date: **** 　　Freemen & Co., Ltd, 　　2378 Flee Street, 　　Lagos, Nigeria 　　Dear Sir or Madam, 　　We write to introduce ourselves as one of the largest exporters, from China, of a wide range of Machinery and Equipment. 　　We enclose a copy of our latest catalogue covering the details of all 　　the terms available at present, and hope some of these items will be of interest to you. It will be a great pleasure to receive your inquiries for any of the items against which we will send you our favorable quotations. 　　Should, by chance, your corporation not deal with the import of the goods mentioned above, we would be most grateful if this letter could be forwarded to your friend, or a firm, who may be concerned. 　　We are looking forward to your earliest reply. 　　Yours faithfully, 　　SHANGHAI MACHINERY IMPORT & EXPORT COMPANY 　　X X X 　　4. 　　1998年7月13日《金融信息》上有一則加拿大多倫多家用電器商EPSINA ELECTRIC APPLIANCES COMPANY的求購(gòu)廣告，欲覓電風(fēng)扇。 　　作為擁有獨(dú)立出口權(quán)的上海第一電器廠的外銷員，請(qǐng)擬一封建交信，特別推薦新產(chǎn)品“美瑞牌”( Merry Brand )電扇，附寄樣本,了解對(duì)方的往來銀行, 并告之本公司的資信情況可向中國(guó)銀行上海分行查詢。 　　答案: 　　Dear Sir or Madam, 　　We learned from the Financial News that you are a leading distributor of household electric appliances, and at present you are in the market for electric fans. 　　We, therefore, take pleasure in informing you that we are a reputable manufacturer producing various electric fans and have recently developed a new model of gentle breeze electric fan entitled “Merry” whose functions have been proved by a scrupulous test and whose designs and colors have been clearly explained in our illustrated catalog enclosed. You may share the view with us that Merry Brand or other series will have an easy access into your quality-oriented market. 　　We shall be much appreciated if you could furnish us with your comments on these items or your further specific requirements together with your bank's name and address. 　　For our credit standing, please refer to the following bank: 　　The Bank of China, Shanghai Branch 201 Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200561, China 　　Your immediate reply would be highly appreciated. 　　Yours faithfully, 　　SHANGHAI ELECTRIC APPLIANCES IMP. & EXP. CORP. 　　X X X 　　5. 　　Wit Ltd Co 是韓國(guó)一家頗具實(shí)力的經(jīng)銷商，在當(dāng)?shù)赜袕V泛的商銷渠道。 　　上海新際進(jìn)出口公司系專營(yíng)輕工業(yè)產(chǎn)品的一家國(guó)有進(jìn)出口公司。成立于1986年，擁有注冊(cè)資金人民幣2000萬元。成立十多年來，經(jīng)營(yíng)商品種類已增至上百種。同時(shí)，仍不斷致力于與國(guó)內(nèi)優(yōu)秀生產(chǎn)廠家建立聯(lián)系，向國(guó)外客戶介紹中國(guó)的優(yōu)秀輕工業(yè)產(chǎn)品。 　　該公司新近組織到一批臺(tái)式打火機(jī)，款式新穎大方，制作精巧，選材獨(dú)特，既可用于點(diǎn)綴桌面，又可作為饋贈(zèng)佳品。該產(chǎn)品已在日本打開銷路。 　　請(qǐng)根據(jù)上述背景， 代新際公司擬函，與Wit公司聯(lián)系，推薦上述產(chǎn)品，隨寄公司目錄，并另寄樣品。 　　答案 　　Dear Sir or Madam, 　　This is to introduce our company as a state-owned corporation specialized in the import and export of light industrial products with a registered capital of RMB 20 million. With years of effort we have expanded our business scope impressively and now we deal in nearly 100 kinds of merchandise. We've succeeded in establishing trade relationship with many advancing manufacturers in China and have introduced a lot of excellent products abroad. 　　We learned from the Foreign Department of Bank of China that you are a reputable distributor with extensive sales connections in your area. We write this letter with a view to getting into business with you in near future. Enclosed please find our latest catalogue. 　　For your information, we recently launched a kind of table lighter, as a novelty decoration or a practical gift, which is of supreme quality and fine workmanship. Its exceptional material and unique style have evoked a good reaction in Japan. We have airmailed some samples to you and expect your favorable comments. 　　We are looking forward to your early reply. 　　Yours truly 　　Shanghai Xinji Import & Export Co. 　　X X X
　　Dear Sir or Madam, 　　Nice to contact you !We are glad to know your name and address on the Internet . Here writing you with expectation of establishing business relationship . Now we take this opportunity to introduce our company. 　　公司名字was founded in 2005 is located in 公司地點(diǎn). We have a very large international business with lots of countries. The main export business: 產(chǎn)品名字. 　　If something is attracting ,please let us know, then we should send you the price sheet. Hope our products meet your market. So that we can start our bbusiness relationship for mutual benefit. 　　Thanking you in advance and looking forward to having your kind views on our business cooperation proposal. 　　Your prompt reply would be highly appreciated waiting for your kindly reply. 　　Yours faithfully 　　Fax:+86-413-758**** 　　Mobile:+86-1514******* 　　Email:****2010@yahoo.cn 　　Skype:***** 　　www.****.com 公司網(wǎng)站 　　你是新手吧，我也是。這個(gè)是我前幾天用的，希望對(duì)你有幫助
交易磋商的程序可概括為四個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)：詢盤、發(fā)盤、還盤和接受。其中 發(fā)盤和接受是必不可少的兩個(gè)基本環(huán)節(jié)。 1、邀請(qǐng)發(fā)盤（詢盤） 2、發(fā)盤 3、還盤 4、接受 5、簽訂合同 6、合同的履行 1、詢盤 指交易的一方準(zhǔn)備購(gòu)買或出售某種商品，向?qū)Ψ皆儐栙I賣該商 品的有關(guān)交易條件。 詢盤的內(nèi)容可涉及：價(jià)格、規(guī)格、品質(zhì)、數(shù)量、包裝、裝運(yùn)以 及索取樣品等，而多數(shù)只是詢問價(jià)格。所以，業(yè)務(wù)上常把詢盤 稱作詢價(jià)。 在國(guó)際鎬易業(yè)務(wù)中，有時(shí)一方發(fā)出的詢盤表達(dá)了與對(duì)方進(jìn)行交 易的愿望，希望對(duì)方接到詢盤后及時(shí)發(fā)出有效的發(fā)盤，以便考 慮接受與否。也有的詢盤只是想探詢一下市價(jià)，詢問的對(duì)象也 不限于一人，發(fā)出詢盤的一方希望對(duì)方開出估價(jià)單。這種估價(jià) 單不具備發(fā)盤的條件，所報(bào)出的價(jià)格也僅供參考。 2、發(fā)盤 在國(guó)際貿(mào)易實(shí)務(wù)中，發(fā)盤也稱報(bào)盤、發(fā)價(jià)、報(bào)價(jià)。法律上稱之 為“要約”。發(fā)盤可以是應(yīng)對(duì)方詢盤的要求發(fā)出，也可以是在 沒有詢盤的情況下，直接向?qū)Ψ桨l(fā)出。發(fā)盤一般是由賣方發(fā)出 的，但也可以由買方發(fā)出，業(yè)務(wù)稱其為“遞盤” (1)發(fā)盤的定義及具備的條件 根據(jù)《聯(lián)合國(guó)國(guó)際貨物銷售合同公約》（后面簡(jiǎn)稱公約）第14 條第一款對(duì)發(fā)盤的解釋為： “向一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上特定的人提出的訂立合同的建議，如果十 分確定并且表明發(fā)盤人在得到接受時(shí)隨約束的意旨，即構(gòu)成發(fā) 盤。一個(gè)建議如果寫明貨物并且明示或暗示地規(guī)定數(shù)量和價(jià)格 或規(guī)定如何確定數(shù)量和價(jià)格，即為十分確定”。 對(duì)于這個(gè)宣 言，可以看出一個(gè)發(fā)盤的構(gòu)成必須具備下列四個(gè)條件： a、向一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的特寫人提出：發(fā)盤必須指定可以表示 接受的受盤人。受盤人可以是一個(gè)，也可以指定多個(gè)。不指定 受盤人的發(fā)盤，僅應(yīng)視為發(fā)盤的邀請(qǐng)，或稱邀請(qǐng)做出發(fā)盤。 b、表明訂立合同的意思：發(fā)盤必須表明嚴(yán)肅的訂約意思，即 發(fā)盤應(yīng)該表明發(fā)盤人在得到接受時(shí)，將按發(fā)盤條件承擔(dān)與受盤 人訂立合同的法律責(zé)任。這種意思可以用“發(fā)盤”遞盤等術(shù)語(yǔ) 加以表明，也可不使用上述或類似上述術(shù)語(yǔ)和語(yǔ)句，而按照當(dāng) 時(shí)談判情形，或當(dāng)事人之間以往的業(yè)務(wù)交往情況或雙方已經(jīng)確 立的習(xí)慣做法來確定。 c、發(fā)盤內(nèi)容必須十分確定：發(fā)盤內(nèi)容的確定性體現(xiàn)在發(fā)盤中 的列的條件是否是完整的、明確的和終局的。 d、送達(dá)受盤人。發(fā)盤于送達(dá)受盤人時(shí)生效。 上述四個(gè)條件，是《公約》對(duì)發(fā)盤的基本要求，也可稱為構(gòu)成 發(fā)盤的四個(gè)要素。 （2）發(fā)盤的撤回和撤銷 《公約》第15條對(duì)發(fā)盤生效時(shí)間作了明確規(guī)定：“發(fā)盤在送達(dá) 受盤人時(shí)生效”。那么，發(fā)盤在未被送達(dá)受盤人之前，如發(fā)盤 人改變主意，或情況發(fā)生變化，這就必然會(huì)產(chǎn)生發(fā)盤的撤回和 撤銷的問題在法律上，“撤回”和“撤銷”屬于兩個(gè)不同的概 念。撤回是指在發(fā)盤尚未生效，發(fā)盤人采取行動(dòng)、阻止它的生 效。而撤消是指發(fā)盤已生效后，發(fā)盤人以一定方式解除發(fā)盤的 效力。 《公約》第15條第2款規(guī)定：“一項(xiàng)發(fā)盤，即使是不可撤銷 的，也可以撤回，如果撤回的通知在發(fā)盤到達(dá)受盤人之前或同 時(shí)到達(dá)受盤人”。 根據(jù)《公約》的規(guī)定，發(fā)盤可以撤銷，其條件是：發(fā)盤人撤銷 的通知必須在受盤人發(fā)出接受通知之前傳達(dá)到受盤人。但是， 在下列情況下，發(fā)盤不能再撤銷： a、發(fā)盤中注明了有效期，或以其他方式表示發(fā)盤是不可撤銷 的。 b、受盤人有理由信賴該發(fā)盤是不可撤銷的，并且已本著對(duì)該 發(fā)盤的信賴行事。 這一款規(guī)定了不可撤銷的兩種情況： 一、是發(fā)盤人規(guī)定了有效 期，即在有效期內(nèi)不能撤銷。如果沒有規(guī)定有效期，但以其它 方式表示發(fā)盤不可撤銷，如在發(fā)盤中使用了“不可撤銷”字樣，那么在合理時(shí)間內(nèi)也不能撤銷。 二、是受盤人有理由信賴 該發(fā)盤是不可撤銷的，并采取了一定的行動(dòng)。 關(guān)于發(fā)盤失效問題，[公約]第17條規(guī)定：“一項(xiàng)發(fā)盤，即使是 不可撤銷的，于拒絕通知送達(dá)發(fā)盤人時(shí)終止 ?！边@就是說， 當(dāng)受盤人不接受發(fā)盤的內(nèi)容，并將拒絕的通知送到發(fā)盤人手中 時(shí)，原發(fā)盤就失去效力，發(fā)盤人不再受其約束。 此外，在貿(mào)易實(shí)務(wù)中還有以下三種情況造成發(fā)盤的失效： a.發(fā)盤人在受盤人接受之前撤銷該發(fā)盤。 b.發(fā)盤中規(guī)定的有效期屆滿。 c.其它方面的問題造成發(fā)盤失效。這包括政府發(fā)布禁令或限制 措施造成發(fā)盤失效。另外還包括發(fā)盤人死亡、法人破產(chǎn)等特殊 情況。 3、還盤 受盤人在接到發(fā)盤后，不能完全同意發(fā)盤的內(nèi)容，為了進(jìn)一步 磋商交易，對(duì)發(fā)盤提出修改意見，用口頭或書面形式表示出 來，就構(gòu)成還盤。 還盤的形式可有不同，有的明確使用“還盤”字樣，有的則不 使用，在內(nèi)容中表示出對(duì)發(fā)盤的修改也構(gòu)成還盤。 還盤是對(duì)發(fā)盤的拒絕。還盤一經(jīng)做出，原發(fā)盤即失去效力，發(fā) 盤人不再受其約束。 4、接受 所謂接受，就是交易的一方在接到對(duì)方的發(fā)盤或還盤后，以聲 明或行為向?qū)Ψ奖硎就?。法律上將接受稱作承諾。接受和發(fā) 盤一樣，既屬于商業(yè)行為，也屬于法律行為。對(duì)有關(guān)接受，問 題在[公約]中也作了較明確的規(guī)定。 根據(jù)[公約]的解釋，構(gòu)成有效的接受要具備以下4個(gè)條件： a.接受必須是由受盤人做出 其他人對(duì)發(fā)盤表示同意，不能構(gòu)成接受。這一條件與發(fā)盤的第 一個(gè)條件是相呼應(yīng)的。發(fā)盤必須向特定的人發(fā)出，即表示發(fā)盤 人愿意按發(fā)盤的條件與受盤人訂立合同，但并不表示他愿意按 這些條件與任何人訂立合同。因此，接受也只能由受盤人做 出，才具有效力。 b.受盤人表示接受，要采取聲明的方式即以口頭或書面的聲明 向發(fā)盤人明確表示出來。另外，還可以用行為表示接受。 c.接受的內(nèi)容要與發(fā)盤的內(nèi)容相符 就是說，接受應(yīng)是無條件的。但在業(yè)務(wù)中，常有這種情況，受 盤人在答復(fù)中使用了接受的字眼，但以對(duì)發(fā)盤的內(nèi)容作了增 加、限制或修改這在法律上稱為有條件的接受，不能成為有效 的接受，而屬于還盤。 d.接受的通知要在發(fā)盤的有效期內(nèi)送達(dá)發(fā)盤人才能生效 發(fā)盤中通常都規(guī)定有效期。易磋商、達(dá)成協(xié)議后要簽訂書面合同，作為約 束雙方權(quán)利和義務(wù)的依據(jù)。在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中，買賣合同一經(jīng)依法 有效成立，有關(guān)當(dāng)事人必須履行合同規(guī)定的義務(wù)。所以，履行 合同是當(dāng)事人雙方共同的責(zé)任。
　　1. 　　華東貿(mào)易公司（East-China Trading Corp.）的傳統(tǒng)客戶局限在歐洲。新近從美國(guó)駐上海使館商務(wù)參贊處得知，美國(guó)芝加哥 MID-WEST 公司（Mid-West Import & Export, Inc.）欲覓一家中國(guó)公司，從事工業(yè)產(chǎn)品的進(jìn)出口業(yè)務(wù)。請(qǐng)據(jù)此以華東貿(mào)易公司的身份寫一封建交信。 　　注：雙方均為進(jìn)出口公司。 　　答案: 　　EAST-CHINA TRADING CORP. 　　475 Dongchang Road 　　Shanghai, China 　　Date: **** 　　Mid-West Import & Export, Inc. 　　300 South Michigan Avenue 　　Chicago 　　USA 　　Dear Sir or Madam, 　　The Commercial Counselor of your Embassy in Shanghai has recommend your firm as being interested in entering into business relations with a Chinese company for the purpose of exchanging various commodities between the two countries. 　　We specialize in Europe trade and we are very well connected with all the major dealers here of industrial products. But we have had no contact with your country. We're writing to you in order to ascertain whether cooperation to the advantage of both our parties could be established. 　　We invite you to send us details and prices, possibly also samples of such goods, as you are interested in selling. We shall be glad to study the sales possibilities in our market. On the other hand, please send us a list of those articles you are interested in obtaining from here, so that we can quote favorably on them and give you all the necessary information you need. 　　We look forward to hearing from you soon. 　　Yours sincerely, 　　East-China Trading Corp. 　　2. 　　網(wǎng)上有一則悉尼THOMAS WILSON CO.,LTD的求購(gòu)廣告,急需一批EVA底運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋。發(fā)份E-MAIL 過去，再寄一套最新目錄。下面是公司的有關(guān)情況，你可以參考一下。 　　上海杰西化工進(jìn)出口公司是一家國(guó)有外貿(mào)企業(yè)，主要經(jīng)營(yíng)化學(xué)工業(yè)所需原料及相關(guān)產(chǎn)品的進(jìn)出口業(yè)務(wù)。近年來，隨著公司內(nèi)部管理體制的改革及外貿(mào)業(yè)務(wù)的高速發(fā)展，公司已經(jīng)取得了巨大的成績(jī)。 　　橡膠制品部是公司的主要業(yè)務(wù)部門之一，經(jīng)營(yíng)各類國(guó)產(chǎn)鞋類的出口，包括布面膠鞋、睡鞋、童鞋、膠底皮鞋、便鞋及EVA底運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋等，產(chǎn)品行銷香港、歐洲、美國(guó)及亞洲市場(chǎng)。 　　公司擁有經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的制鞋專業(yè)人員， 品質(zhì)管理人員及國(guó)際貿(mào)易人員，并與市內(nèi)和附近的十余制鞋廠家建立了密切的聯(lián)系，可確保穩(wěn)定廣泛的貨源及質(zhì)量。 　　公司竭誠(chéng)與國(guó)內(nèi)外的客戶尋求合作機(jī)會(huì)，可通過如興辦合資鞋廠，或來樣加工、補(bǔ)償貿(mào)易等多種形式，愿意按照互利互惠、共同發(fā)展的則同全世界的鞋類經(jīng)銷商聯(lián)系。 　　答案: 　　Dear Sir or Madam, 　　We learned from the Internet that you are in the market for jogging shoes with EVA sole, which just fall into our business scope. We are writing to enter into business relations with you on a basis of mutual benefits and common developments. 　　Our corporation, as a state-owned foreign trade organization, deals in the import and export of raw materials and relevant products for chemical industry. We have a Rubber Products Department, which specialize in the export of various kinds of shoes made in China including jogging shoes with EVA sole of fashionable designs, comfortable feeling, and high popularity in America, Europe and Asia. We have established close business relationship with more than a dozen of shoe manufacturers so that the stable supplies, the quality guarantee as well as the flexible ways of doing business can be reached. 　　Enclosed is our latest catalogue on jogging shoes with EVA sole, which may meet with your demand. If there isn't, please let us know your specific requirements. We can also produce according to your designated styles. 　　It will be a great pleasure to receive your inquiries against which we will send you our best quotations. 　　We are looking forward to your prompt reply. 　　Yours faithfully, 　　SHANGHAI JIEXI CHEMICALS IMPORT AND EXPORT CORPORATION 　　X X X 　　3. 　　一天，你在工作筆記上發(fā)現(xiàn)了如下一段文字： 　　Freemen & Co., Ltd., 2378 Flee Street,Lagos, Nigeria 　　除此之外便沒有更多的信息。作為上海機(jī)械進(jìn)出口公司( 北京東路231號(hào))的外銷員，請(qǐng)擬寫一封信函，附寄最新目錄，以拓展出口市場(chǎng)。 　　答案: 　　SHANGHAI MACHINERY IMPORT & EXPORT COMPANY 　　231 EAST BEIJING ROAD 　　SHANGHAI， CHINA 　　Date: **** 　　Freemen & Co., Ltd, 　　2378 Flee Street, 　　Lagos, Nigeria 　　Dear Sir or Madam, 　　We write to introduce ourselves as one of the largest exporters, from China, of a wide range of Machinery and Equipment. 　　We enclose a copy of our latest catalogue covering the details of all 　　the terms available at present, and hope some of these items will be of interest to you. It will be a great pleasure to receive your inquiries for any of the items against which we will send you our favorable quotations. 　　Should, by chance, your corporation not deal with the import of the goods mentioned above, we would be most grateful if this letter could be forwarded to your friend, or a firm, who may be concerned. 　　We are looking forward to your earliest reply. 　　Yours faithfully, 　　SHANGHAI MACHINERY IMPORT & EXPORT COMPANY 　　X X X 　　4. 　　1998年7月13日《金融信息》上有一則加拿大多倫多家用電器商EPSINA ELECTRIC APPLIANCES COMPANY的求購(gòu)廣告，欲覓電風(fēng)扇。 　　作為擁有獨(dú)立出口權(quán)的上海第一電器廠的外銷員，請(qǐng)擬一封建交信，特別推薦新產(chǎn)品“美瑞牌”( Merry Brand )電扇，附寄樣本,了解對(duì)方的往來銀行, 并告之本公司的資信情況可向中國(guó)銀行上海分行查詢。 　　答案: 　　Dear Sir or Madam, 　　We learned from the Financial News that you are a leading distributor of household electric appliances, and at present you are in the market for electric fans. 　　We, therefore, take pleasure in informing you that we are a reputable manufacturer producing various electric fans and have recently developed a new model of gentle breeze electric fan entitled “Merry” whose functions have been proved by a scrupulous test and whose designs and colors have been clearly explained in our illustrated catalog enclosed. You may share the view with us that Merry Brand or other series will have an easy access into your quality-oriented market. 　　We shall be much appreciated if you could furnish us with your comments on these items or your further specific requirements together with your bank's name and address. 　　For our credit standing, please refer to the following bank: 　　The Bank of China, Shanghai Branch 201 Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200561, China 　　Your immediate reply would be highly appreciated. 　　Yours faithfully, 　　SHANGHAI ELECTRIC APPLIANCES IMP. & EXP. CORP. 　　X X X 　　5. 　　Wit Ltd Co 是韓國(guó)一家頗具實(shí)力的經(jīng)銷商，在當(dāng)?shù)赜袕V泛的商銷渠道。 　　上海新際進(jìn)出口公司系專營(yíng)輕工業(yè)產(chǎn)品的一家國(guó)有進(jìn)出口公司。成立于1986年，擁有注冊(cè)資金人民幣2000萬元。成立十多年來，經(jīng)營(yíng)商品種類已增至上百種。同時(shí)，仍不斷致力于與國(guó)內(nèi)優(yōu)秀生產(chǎn)廠家建立聯(lián)系，向國(guó)外客戶介紹中國(guó)的優(yōu)秀輕工業(yè)產(chǎn)品。 　　該公司新近組織到一批臺(tái)式打火機(jī)，款式新穎大方，制作精巧，選材獨(dú)特，既可用于點(diǎn)綴桌面，又可作為饋贈(zèng)佳品。該產(chǎn)品已在日本打開銷路。 　　請(qǐng)根據(jù)上述背景， 代新際公司擬函，與Wit公司聯(lián)系，推薦上述產(chǎn)品，隨寄公司目錄，并另寄樣品。 　　答案 　　Dear Sir or Madam, 　　This is to introduce our company as a state-owned corporation specialized in the import and export of light industrial products with a registered capital of RMB 20 million. With years of effort we have expanded our business scope impressively and now we deal in nearly 100 kinds of merchandise. We've succeeded in establishing trade relationship with many advancing manufacturers in China and have introduced a lot of excellent products abroad. 　　We learned from the Foreign Department of Bank of China that you are a reputable distributor with extensive sales connections in your area. We write this letter with a view to getting into business with you in near future. Enclosed please find our latest catalogue. 　　For your information, we recently launched a kind of table lighter, as a novelty decoration or a practical gift, which is of supreme quality and fine workmanship. Its exceptional material and unique style have evoked a good reaction in Japan. We have airmailed some samples to you and expect your favorable comments. 　　We are looking forward to your early reply. 　　Yours truly 　　Shanghai Xinji Import & Export Co. 　　X X X