這兩種不同形式的實踐活動區(qū)別如下：1、外貿(mào)實務模擬通常是在課堂上由老師組織安排的一種教學活動。通過模擬真實的外貿(mào)貿(mào)易環(huán)節(jié)，讓學生在模擬情境中學習并掌握外貿(mào)實務操作技巧、貿(mào)易術語、商務禮儀等方面的知識。2、實操則是指

單證工作是國際貿(mào)易業(yè)務中最重要的環(huán)節(jié),貫穿于進出口合同履行的全過程。 二、實訓目的 外貿(mào)單證制作實訓是在《外貿(mào)單證實務》課程的基礎上開設的,通過綜合業(yè)務模擬制單,使學生能夠將課程中比較零散的制單練習貫穿起來,從而系統(tǒng)地了解外貿(mào)

以下是 整理的外貿(mào)實踐報告范文,僅供參考! 篇一 一、實習的目的與意義 在本科專業(yè)教育中,實習是一個重要的實踐性教學環(huán)節(jié)。通過實習,可以使我們熟悉外貿(mào)實務的具體操作流程,增強感性認識,并可從中進一步了解、鞏固與深化已經(jīng)學過的理論

我們在這次上機模擬操作中，共有十五個主要業(yè)務操作，包括寫一些信函（如建交函、發(fā)盤函、還盤函、簽約函及改證函等）、進行出口成本核算、信用證的審核及修改、租船訂艙、報關、保險及各類單據(jù)的編制等，它們是按照正常的業(yè)

14. Your letter expressing the hope of establishing business connections with us has met with approval. 來函收悉,得知貴方愿與我方建立業(yè)務關系,我們表示同意。 15. In order to acquaint you with the textiles we handle, we

the company and enhance the economic forces and reform the management system has made great achievements. The company has a number of experienced international business people, and with a number of manufacturers ar

公司擁有經(jīng)驗豐富的制鞋專業(yè)人員, 品質管理人員及國際貿(mào)易人員,并與市內(nèi)和附近的十余制鞋廠家建立了密切的聯(lián)系,可確保穩(wěn)定廣泛的貨源及質量。 公司竭誠與國內(nèi)外的客戶尋求合作機會,可通過如興辦合資鞋廠,或來樣加工、補償貿(mào)易等多種形式,

外貿(mào)實務模擬操作 建交函

1.Dear Mr. Li,Your firm has been recommended 1 to us by the Dickson Electrics Company, with whom we have done business for many years.We are interested in your Electric Typewriters for use in offices and

2007年10月20日 告訴對方,其對2000打餐桌布(table-cloth)的還盤已收到? (2) 盡管對方的還盤低于現(xiàn)行市價,為了鼓勵業(yè)務發(fā)展,你搜檔網(wǎng) 告知對方其對2000打餐桌布的還盤已收到英語函電書寫 - 百度文庫 外貿(mào)

We will arrange shipment when we receive your L/C amendment advice. 外貿(mào)函電范文包括詢盤、發(fā)盤、換盤、接受 1. Dear Mr. Li, Your firm has been remended 1 to us by the Dickson Electrics Company, with whom we have

外貿(mào)詢盤函電中英文范文 Dear Ms Zhang,I know your company from our partners: John&Son Co, I am interested in your item of embroidered tablecloth.Please send me your catolog and your price with the follow

外貿(mào)函電中英文范文怎么寫

起初，我們寫一封商務建交函都覺得很生疏，不知該從何入手，算一筆進出口報價核算都要算上一兩個小時，而且還未必正確，總是丟三落四。經(jīng)過第一個星期的不斷練習，使得我在后來的操作練習中處理起來比之前要熟練地多了。

Dear Mr/Mrs.XXX How are u ?Glad to hear that you 're market in tyre.We are specialize in this field for many years,with the strength of STAY WILDESS tyre,withe high quality and competitive price.Shou

Gimhae is a state-owned foreign trade enterprises, in recent years, along with internal reforms and the rapid increase in business volume, the company and enhance the economic forces and reform the management sy

欲覓一家中國公司,從事工業(yè)產(chǎn)品的進出口業(yè)務。請據(jù)此以華東貿(mào)易公司的身份寫一封建交信。 注:雙方均為進出口公司。 答案: EAST-CHINA TRADING CORP. 475 Dongchang Road Shanghai, China Date: *** Mid-West Import & Export, Inc.

1. 說明信息來源；2. 言明去函目的；3. 本公司概述；4. 產(chǎn)品介紹；5. 激勵性結尾。

有誰知道國際貿(mào)易建交函該怎么寫?我指的是具體內(nèi)容

形式，格式，往來對象不同。詢盤可采用口頭，書面形式，電子郵件等形式，建交函是以信件形式。詢盤沒有固定格式，建交函有固定的格式。詢盤一般多由買方向賣方發(fā)出，建交函多事出口商主動聯(lián)系進口商。外貿(mào)函電是指在國際貿(mào)易

一封標準建交函應包含的內(nèi)容 1.說明信息來源 We learned from…that you are interest in…We have obtained your name and address from…2.言明去函目的 We are writing to you to establish trade relations with you

公司擁有經(jīng)驗豐富的制鞋專業(yè)人員, 品質管理人員及國際貿(mào)易人員,并與市內(nèi)和附近的十余制鞋廠家建立了密切的聯(lián)系,可確保穩(wěn)定廣泛的貨源及質量。 公司竭誠與國內(nèi)外的客戶尋求合作機會,可通過如興辦合資鞋廠,或來樣加工、補償貿(mào)易等多種形式,

Gimhae is a state-owned foreign trade enterprises, in recent years, along with internal reforms and the rapid increase in business volume, the company and enhance the economic forces and reform the management sy

求外貿(mào)建交函。

我們需要用的國際商務信函就7種,他們分別是:建交函,詢盤函,發(fā)盤函,還盤函,成交函,改證函,善后處理函。他們都是3段式的寫法,1,首文,主要是對對方來信的感謝和對對方提出的幾個小問題進行一個簡要的回答。2。本文。這是最重要的

3、外貿(mào)函電知識及英語口語,學習如何寫開發(fā)信,建交函,發(fā)盤,報價。學習如何與客人交流; 4、實際中的業(yè)務操作,從貿(mào)易磋商,談判,到簽下訂單,產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)跟進,運輸,制單,一直到收匯,學會整個的業(yè)務流程。我希望能盡快熟悉自己跟的每一個客

問題三：英文建交函電子郵件的主題一般寫什么 正如你所說浮主題當然是寫主題了。寫的主題目的就是想讓收信人大致了解一下這封信是寫什么的。比如你想詢價一臺筆記本的價格，那么主題就inquire about notebook 問題四：qq

臺布 我們從我駐巴基斯坦使館商務參贊處得悉貴公司的名稱和地址，現(xiàn)借此機會與你方通信，意在建立友好業(yè)務關系。我們是一家國營公司，專門經(jīng)營臺布出口業(yè)務。我們能接受顧客的來樣定貨，來樣中可具體需要產(chǎn)品的花樣圖案，規(guī)格及

Dear Mr/Mrs.XXX How are u ?Glad to hear that you 're market in tyre.We are specialize in this field for many years,with the strength of STAY WILDESS tyre,withe high quality and competitive price.Shou

Dear Sir or Madam,Nice to contact you !We are glad to know your name and address on the Internet . Here writing you with expectation of establishing business relationship . Now we take this opportunity to

誰能提供一份英文建交函!!

3、外貿(mào)函電知識及英語口語,學習如何寫開發(fā)信,建交函,發(fā)盤,報價。學習如何與客人交流; 4、實際中的業(yè)務操作,從貿(mào)易磋商,談判,到簽下訂單,產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)跟進,運輸,制單,一直到收匯,學會整個的業(yè)務流程。我希望能盡快熟悉自己跟的每一個客

我們在這次上機模擬操作中，共有十五個主要業(yè)務操作，包括寫一些信函（如建交函、發(fā)盤函、還盤函、簽約函及改證函等）、進行出口成本核算、信用證的審核及修改、租船訂艙、報關、保險及各類單據(jù)的編制等，它們是按照正常的

這個subject希望適合你的要求。問題三：英文建交函電子郵件的主題一般寫什么 正如你所說浮主題當然是寫主題了。寫的主題目的就是想讓收信人大致了解一下這封信是寫什么的。比如你想詢價一臺筆記本的價格，那么主題就inquire

欲覓一家中國公司,從事工業(yè)產(chǎn)品的進出口業(yè)務。請據(jù)此以華東貿(mào)易公司的身份寫一封建交信。 注:雙方均為進出口公司。 答案: EAST-CHINA TRADING CORP. 475 Dongchang Road Shanghai, China Date: *** Mid-West Import & Export, Inc.

We are writing to you to establish trade relations with you.We wish to express our desire to enter into business relationship with you.3.本公司概述 We are a leading company with many years’ experience in…

Dear Sir or Madam,Nice to contact you !We are glad to know your name and address on the Internet . Here writing you with expectation of establishing business relationship . Now we take this opportunity to

請幫忙用英語寫一份出口貿(mào)易建交函~~

　　Dear Sir or Madam, 　　Nice to contact you !We are glad to know your name and address on the Internet . Here writing you with expectation of establishing business relationship . Now we take this opportunity to introduce our company. 　　公司名字was founded in 2005 is located in 公司地點. We have a very large international business with lots of countries. The main export business: 產(chǎn)品名字. 　　If something is attracting ,please let us know, then we should send you the price sheet. Hope our products meet your market. So that we can start our bbusiness relationship for mutual benefit. 　　Thanking you in advance and looking forward to having your kind views on our business cooperation proposal. 　　Your prompt reply would be highly appreciated waiting for your kindly reply. 　　Yours faithfully 　　Fax:+86-413-758**** 　　Mobile:+86-1514******* 　　Email:****2010@yahoo.cn 　　Skype:***** 　　www.****.com 公司網(wǎng)站 　　你是新手吧，我也是。這個是我前幾天用的，希望對你有幫助
一封標準建交函應包含的內(nèi)容 1.說明信息來源 We learned from…that you are interest in… We have obtained your name and address from… 2.言明去函目的 We are writing to you to establish trade relations with you. We wish to express our desire to enter into business relationship with you. 3.本公司概述 We are a leading company with many years’ experience in…export business. We enjoy a good reputation internationally in the circle of… 4.產(chǎn)品介紹 Our products are enjoying popularity in Asia markets. We have a good variety of colors and sizes to meet with different needs. 5.激勵性結尾 We are looking forward to your specific inquiries. Your early inquiries will be really appreciated. 另郵航寄目錄：send catalogue by separate mail
Dear Mr/Mrs.XXX How are u ? Glad to hear that you 're market in tyre. We are specialize in this field for many years,with the strength of STAY WILDESS tyre,withe high quality and competitive price. Should have any question,please contact me ! Hope to get some good news from you. Reds! XXX 這封發(fā)完，再馬上再發(fā)一封產(chǎn)品介紹信，附上公司較為優(yōu)秀的產(chǎn)品及相關報價單，技術參數(shù)之類的~！
給你個好的范本吧，這樣你理解的更好一些 臺布 我們從我駐巴基斯坦使館商務參贊處得悉貴公司的名稱和地址，現(xiàn)借此機會與你方通信，意在建立友好業(yè)務關系。 我們是一家國營公司，專門經(jīng)營臺布出口業(yè)務。我們能接受顧客的來樣定貨，來樣中可具體需要產(chǎn)品的花樣圖案，規(guī)格及包裝裝潢的要求。 為使你方對我各類臺布有大致的了解，我們另航寄最新的目錄供參考。如果你方對產(chǎn)品有興趣，請盡快通知我方。一俟收到你方具體詢盤，即寄送報價單和樣本。 盼早復。 SPECIMEN：INTRODUCING BUSINESS OPERATION Dear Sirs, RE:TABLECLOTH We have your name and adress from the Commercial Office of Chinese Embassy in Pakistan.We take this opportunity to write to you with a view to set up friend business relations with you. We are a state-owned company dealing specially with the export of tablecloth.We are in a position to accept orders according to the customer's spmples.In the customer's spmples,request about the assorted pattern,specification and package of the needed goods can be indicated particularly. In order to give you a gengral idea of various kinds of the table-cloth we are handling,we are airmailing you under separate cover our latest catalogue for your reference.Please let us know immediately if you are interested in our products.We will send you our price list and sample to you as soon as we receive your specific inquiry. We are looking forward to your early reply. Yours faithfully
　　1. 　　華東貿(mào)易公司（East-China Trading Corp.）的傳統(tǒng)客戶局限在歐洲。新近從美國駐上海使館商務參贊處得知，美國芝加哥 MID-WEST 公司（Mid-West Import & Export, Inc.）欲覓一家中國公司，從事工業(yè)產(chǎn)品的進出口業(yè)務。請據(jù)此以華東貿(mào)易公司的身份寫一封建交信。 　　注：雙方均為進出口公司。 　　答案: 　　EAST-CHINA TRADING CORP. 　　475 Dongchang Road 　　Shanghai, China 　　Date: **** 　　Mid-West Import & Export, Inc. 　　300 South Michigan Avenue 　　Chicago 　　USA 　　Dear Sir or Madam, 　　The Commercial Counselor of your Embassy in Shanghai has recommend your firm as being interested in entering into business relations with a Chinese company for the purpose of exchanging various commodities between the two countries. 　　We specialize in Europe trade and we are very well connected with all the major dealers here of industrial products. But we have had no contact with your country. We're writing to you in order to ascertain whether cooperation to the advantage of both our parties could be established. 　　We invite you to send us details and prices, possibly also samples of such goods, as you are interested in selling. We shall be glad to study the sales possibilities in our market. On the other hand, please send us a list of those articles you are interested in obtaining from here, so that we can quote favorably on them and give you all the necessary information you need. 　　We look forward to hearing from you soon. 　　Yours sincerely, 　　East-China Trading Corp. 　　2. 　　網(wǎng)上有一則悉尼THOMAS WILSON CO.,LTD的求購廣告,急需一批EVA底運動鞋。發(fā)份E-MAIL 過去，再寄一套最新目錄。下面是公司的有關情況，你可以參考一下。 　　上海杰西化工進出口公司是一家國有外貿(mào)企業(yè)，主要經(jīng)營化學工業(yè)所需原料及相關產(chǎn)品的進出口業(yè)務。近年來，隨著公司內(nèi)部管理體制的改革及外貿(mào)業(yè)務的高速發(fā)展，公司已經(jīng)取得了巨大的成績。 　　橡膠制品部是公司的主要業(yè)務部門之一，經(jīng)營各類國產(chǎn)鞋類的出口，包括布面膠鞋、睡鞋、童鞋、膠底皮鞋、便鞋及EVA底運動鞋等，產(chǎn)品行銷香港、歐洲、美國及亞洲市場。 　　公司擁有經(jīng)驗豐富的制鞋專業(yè)人員， 品質管理人員及國際貿(mào)易人員，并與市內(nèi)和附近的十余制鞋廠家建立了密切的聯(lián)系，可確保穩(wěn)定廣泛的貨源及質量。 　　公司竭誠與國內(nèi)外的客戶尋求合作機會，可通過如興辦合資鞋廠，或來樣加工、補償貿(mào)易等多種形式，愿意按照互利互惠、共同發(fā)展的則同全世界的鞋類經(jīng)銷商聯(lián)系。 　　答案: 　　Dear Sir or Madam, 　　We learned from the Internet that you are in the market for jogging shoes with EVA sole, which just fall into our business scope. We are writing to enter into business relations with you on a basis of mutual benefits and common developments. 　　Our corporation, as a state-owned foreign trade organization, deals in the import and export of raw materials and relevant products for chemical industry. We have a Rubber Products Department, which specialize in the export of various kinds of shoes made in China including jogging shoes with EVA sole of fashionable designs, comfortable feeling, and high popularity in America, Europe and Asia. We have established close business relationship with more than a dozen of shoe manufacturers so that the stable supplies, the quality guarantee as well as the flexible ways of doing business can be reached. 　　Enclosed is our latest catalogue on jogging shoes with EVA sole, which may meet with your demand. If there isn't, please let us know your specific requirements. We can also produce according to your designated styles. 　　It will be a great pleasure to receive your inquiries against which we will send you our best quotations. 　　We are looking forward to your prompt reply. 　　Yours faithfully, 　　SHANGHAI JIEXI CHEMICALS IMPORT AND EXPORT CORPORATION 　　X X X 　　3. 　　一天，你在工作筆記上發(fā)現(xiàn)了如下一段文字： 　　Freemen & Co., Ltd., 2378 Flee Street,Lagos, Nigeria 　　除此之外便沒有更多的信息。作為上海機械進出口公司( 北京東路231號)的外銷員，請擬寫一封信函，附寄最新目錄，以拓展出口市場。 　　答案: 　　SHANGHAI MACHINERY IMPORT & EXPORT COMPANY 　　231 EAST BEIJING ROAD 　　SHANGHAI， CHINA 　　Date: **** 　　Freemen & Co., Ltd, 　　2378 Flee Street, 　　Lagos, Nigeria 　　Dear Sir or Madam, 　　We write to introduce ourselves as one of the largest exporters, from China, of a wide range of Machinery and Equipment. 　　We enclose a copy of our latest catalogue covering the details of all 　　the terms available at present, and hope some of these items will be of interest to you. It will be a great pleasure to receive your inquiries for any of the items against which we will send you our favorable quotations. 　　Should, by chance, your corporation not deal with the import of the goods mentioned above, we would be most grateful if this letter could be forwarded to your friend, or a firm, who may be concerned. 　　We are looking forward to your earliest reply. 　　Yours faithfully, 　　SHANGHAI MACHINERY IMPORT & EXPORT COMPANY 　　X X X 　　4. 　　1998年7月13日《金融信息》上有一則加拿大多倫多家用電器商EPSINA ELECTRIC APPLIANCES COMPANY的求購廣告，欲覓電風扇。 　　作為擁有獨立出口權的上海第一電器廠的外銷員，請擬一封建交信，特別推薦新產(chǎn)品“美瑞牌”( Merry Brand )電扇，附寄樣本,了解對方的往來銀行, 并告之本公司的資信情況可向中國銀行上海分行查詢。 　　答案: 　　Dear Sir or Madam, 　　We learned from the Financial News that you are a leading distributor of household electric appliances, and at present you are in the market for electric fans. 　　We, therefore, take pleasure in informing you that we are a reputable manufacturer producing various electric fans and have recently developed a new model of gentle breeze electric fan entitled “Merry” whose functions have been proved by a scrupulous test and whose designs and colors have been clearly explained in our illustrated catalog enclosed. You may share the view with us that Merry Brand or other series will have an easy access into your quality-oriented market. 　　We shall be much appreciated if you could furnish us with your comments on these items or your further specific requirements together with your bank's name and address. 　　For our credit standing, please refer to the following bank: 　　The Bank of China, Shanghai Branch 201 Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200561, China 　　Your immediate reply would be highly appreciated. 　　Yours faithfully, 　　SHANGHAI ELECTRIC APPLIANCES IMP. & EXP. CORP. 　　X X X 　　5. 　　Wit Ltd Co 是韓國一家頗具實力的經(jīng)銷商，在當?shù)赜袕V泛的商銷渠道。 　　上海新際進出口公司系專營輕工業(yè)產(chǎn)品的一家國有進出口公司。成立于1986年，擁有注冊資金人民幣2000萬元。成立十多年來，經(jīng)營商品種類已增至上百種。同時，仍不斷致力于與國內(nèi)優(yōu)秀生產(chǎn)廠家建立聯(lián)系，向國外客戶介紹中國的優(yōu)秀輕工業(yè)產(chǎn)品。 　　該公司新近組織到一批臺式打火機，款式新穎大方，制作精巧，選材獨特，既可用于點綴桌面，又可作為饋贈佳品。該產(chǎn)品已在日本打開銷路。 　　請根據(jù)上述背景， 代新際公司擬函，與Wit公司聯(lián)系，推薦上述產(chǎn)品，隨寄公司目錄，并另寄樣品。 　　答案 　　Dear Sir or Madam, 　　This is to introduce our company as a state-owned corporation specialized in the import and export of light industrial products with a registered capital of RMB 20 million. With years of effort we have expanded our business scope impressively and now we deal in nearly 100 kinds of merchandise. We've succeeded in establishing trade relationship with many advancing manufacturers in China and have introduced a lot of excellent products abroad. 　　We learned from the Foreign Department of Bank of China that you are a reputable distributor with extensive sales connections in your area. We write this letter with a view to getting into business with you in near future. Enclosed please find our latest catalogue. 　　For your information, we recently launched a kind of table lighter, as a novelty decoration or a practical gift, which is of supreme quality and fine workmanship. Its exceptional material and unique style have evoked a good reaction in Japan. We have airmailed some samples to you and expect your favorable comments. 　　We are looking forward to your early reply. 　　Yours truly 　　Shanghai Xinji Import & Export Co. 　　X X X
　　Dear Sir or Madam, 　　Nice to contact you !We are glad to know your name and address on the Internet . Here writing you with expectation of establishing business relationship . Now we take this opportunity to introduce our company. 　　公司名字was founded in 2005 is located in 公司地點. We have a very large international business with lots of countries. The main export business: 產(chǎn)品名字. 　　If something is attracting ,please let us know, then we should send you the price sheet. Hope our products meet your market. So that we can start our bbusiness relationship for mutual benefit. 　　Thanking you in advance and looking forward to having your kind views on our business cooperation proposal. 　　Your prompt reply would be highly appreciated waiting for your kindly reply. 　　Yours faithfully 　　Fax:+86-413-758**** 　　Mobile:+86-1514******* 　　Email:****2010@yahoo.cn 　　Skype:***** 　　www.****.com 公司網(wǎng)站 　　你是新手吧，我也是。這個是我前幾天用的，希望對你有幫助
交易磋商的程序可概括為四個環(huán)節(jié)：詢盤、發(fā)盤、還盤和接受。其中 發(fā)盤和接受是必不可少的兩個基本環(huán)節(jié)。 1、邀請發(fā)盤（詢盤） 2、發(fā)盤 3、還盤 4、接受 5、簽訂合同 6、合同的履行 1、詢盤 指交易的一方準備購買或出售某種商品，向對方詢問買賣該商 品的有關交易條件。 詢盤的內(nèi)容可涉及：價格、規(guī)格、品質、數(shù)量、包裝、裝運以 及索取樣品等，而多數(shù)只是詢問價格。所以，業(yè)務上常把詢盤 稱作詢價。 在國際鎬易業(yè)務中，有時一方發(fā)出的詢盤表達了與對方進行交 易的愿望，希望對方接到詢盤后及時發(fā)出有效的發(fā)盤，以便考 慮接受與否。也有的詢盤只是想探詢一下市價，詢問的對象也 不限于一人，發(fā)出詢盤的一方希望對方開出估價單。這種估價 單不具備發(fā)盤的條件，所報出的價格也僅供參考。 2、發(fā)盤 在國際貿(mào)易實務中，發(fā)盤也稱報盤、發(fā)價、報價。法律上稱之 為“要約”。發(fā)盤可以是應對方詢盤的要求發(fā)出，也可以是在 沒有詢盤的情況下，直接向對方發(fā)出。發(fā)盤一般是由賣方發(fā)出 的，但也可以由買方發(fā)出，業(yè)務稱其為“遞盤” (1)發(fā)盤的定義及具備的條件 根據(jù)《聯(lián)合國國際貨物銷售合同公約》（后面簡稱公約）第14 條第一款對發(fā)盤的解釋為： “向一個或一個以上特定的人提出的訂立合同的建議，如果十 分確定并且表明發(fā)盤人在得到接受時隨約束的意旨，即構成發(fā) 盤。一個建議如果寫明貨物并且明示或暗示地規(guī)定數(shù)量和價格 或規(guī)定如何確定數(shù)量和價格，即為十分確定”。 對于這個宣 言，可以看出一個發(fā)盤的構成必須具備下列四個條件： a、向一個或一個以上的特寫人提出：發(fā)盤必須指定可以表示 接受的受盤人。受盤人可以是一個，也可以指定多個。不指定 受盤人的發(fā)盤，僅應視為發(fā)盤的邀請，或稱邀請做出發(fā)盤。 b、表明訂立合同的意思：發(fā)盤必須表明嚴肅的訂約意思，即 發(fā)盤應該表明發(fā)盤人在得到接受時，將按發(fā)盤條件承擔與受盤 人訂立合同的法律責任。這種意思可以用“發(fā)盤”遞盤等術語 加以表明，也可不使用上述或類似上述術語和語句，而按照當 時談判情形，或當事人之間以往的業(yè)務交往情況或雙方已經(jīng)確 立的習慣做法來確定。 c、發(fā)盤內(nèi)容必須十分確定：發(fā)盤內(nèi)容的確定性體現(xiàn)在發(fā)盤中 的列的條件是否是完整的、明確的和終局的。 d、送達受盤人。發(fā)盤于送達受盤人時生效。 上述四個條件，是《公約》對發(fā)盤的基本要求，也可稱為構成 發(fā)盤的四個要素。 （2）發(fā)盤的撤回和撤銷 《公約》第15條對發(fā)盤生效時間作了明確規(guī)定：“發(fā)盤在送達 受盤人時生效”。那么，發(fā)盤在未被送達受盤人之前，如發(fā)盤 人改變主意，或情況發(fā)生變化，這就必然會產(chǎn)生發(fā)盤的撤回和 撤銷的問題在法律上，“撤回”和“撤銷”屬于兩個不同的概 念。撤回是指在發(fā)盤尚未生效，發(fā)盤人采取行動、阻止它的生 效。而撤消是指發(fā)盤已生效后，發(fā)盤人以一定方式解除發(fā)盤的 效力。 《公約》第15條第2款規(guī)定：“一項發(fā)盤，即使是不可撤銷 的，也可以撤回，如果撤回的通知在發(fā)盤到達受盤人之前或同 時到達受盤人”。 根據(jù)《公約》的規(guī)定，發(fā)盤可以撤銷，其條件是：發(fā)盤人撤銷 的通知必須在受盤人發(fā)出接受通知之前傳達到受盤人。但是， 在下列情況下，發(fā)盤不能再撤銷： a、發(fā)盤中注明了有效期，或以其他方式表示發(fā)盤是不可撤銷 的。 b、受盤人有理由信賴該發(fā)盤是不可撤銷的，并且已本著對該 發(fā)盤的信賴行事。 這一款規(guī)定了不可撤銷的兩種情況： 一、是發(fā)盤人規(guī)定了有效 期，即在有效期內(nèi)不能撤銷。如果沒有規(guī)定有效期，但以其它 方式表示發(fā)盤不可撤銷，如在發(fā)盤中使用了“不可撤銷”字樣，那么在合理時間內(nèi)也不能撤銷。 二、是受盤人有理由信賴 該發(fā)盤是不可撤銷的，并采取了一定的行動。 關于發(fā)盤失效問題，[公約]第17條規(guī)定：“一項發(fā)盤，即使是 不可撤銷的，于拒絕通知送達發(fā)盤人時終止 ?！边@就是說， 當受盤人不接受發(fā)盤的內(nèi)容，并將拒絕的通知送到發(fā)盤人手中 時，原發(fā)盤就失去效力，發(fā)盤人不再受其約束。 此外，在貿(mào)易實務中還有以下三種情況造成發(fā)盤的失效： a.發(fā)盤人在受盤人接受之前撤銷該發(fā)盤。 b.發(fā)盤中規(guī)定的有效期屆滿。 c.其它方面的問題造成發(fā)盤失效。這包括政府發(fā)布禁令或限制 措施造成發(fā)盤失效。另外還包括發(fā)盤人死亡、法人破產(chǎn)等特殊 情況。 3、還盤 受盤人在接到發(fā)盤后，不能完全同意發(fā)盤的內(nèi)容，為了進一步 磋商交易，對發(fā)盤提出修改意見，用口頭或書面形式表示出 來，就構成還盤。 還盤的形式可有不同，有的明確使用“還盤”字樣，有的則不 使用，在內(nèi)容中表示出對發(fā)盤的修改也構成還盤。 還盤是對發(fā)盤的拒絕。還盤一經(jīng)做出，原發(fā)盤即失去效力，發(fā) 盤人不再受其約束。 4、接受 所謂接受，就是交易的一方在接到對方的發(fā)盤或還盤后，以聲 明或行為向對方表示同意。法律上將接受稱作承諾。接受和發(fā) 盤一樣，既屬于商業(yè)行為，也屬于法律行為。對有關接受，問 題在[公約]中也作了較明確的規(guī)定。 根據(jù)[公約]的解釋，構成有效的接受要具備以下4個條件： a.接受必須是由受盤人做出 其他人對發(fā)盤表示同意，不能構成接受。這一條件與發(fā)盤的第 一個條件是相呼應的。發(fā)盤必須向特定的人發(fā)出，即表示發(fā)盤 人愿意按發(fā)盤的條件與受盤人訂立合同，但并不表示他愿意按 這些條件與任何人訂立合同。因此，接受也只能由受盤人做 出，才具有效力。 b.受盤人表示接受，要采取聲明的方式即以口頭或書面的聲明 向發(fā)盤人明確表示出來。另外，還可以用行為表示接受。 c.接受的內(nèi)容要與發(fā)盤的內(nèi)容相符 就是說，接受應是無條件的。但在業(yè)務中，常有這種情況，受 盤人在答復中使用了接受的字眼，但以對發(fā)盤的內(nèi)容作了增 加、限制或修改這在法律上稱為有條件的接受，不能成為有效 的接受，而屬于還盤。 d.接受的通知要在發(fā)盤的有效期內(nèi)送達發(fā)盤人才能生效 發(fā)盤中通常都規(guī)定有效期。易磋商、達成協(xié)議后要簽訂書面合同，作為約 束雙方權利和義務的依據(jù)。在國際貿(mào)易中，買賣合同一經(jīng)依法 有效成立，有關當事人必須履行合同規(guī)定的義務。所以，履行 合同是當事人雙方共同的責任。
　　1. 　　華東貿(mào)易公司（East-China Trading Corp.）的傳統(tǒng)客戶局限在歐洲。新近從美國駐上海使館商務參贊處得知，美國芝加哥 MID-WEST 公司（Mid-West Import & Export, Inc.）欲覓一家中國公司，從事工業(yè)產(chǎn)品的進出口業(yè)務。請據(jù)此以華東貿(mào)易公司的身份寫一封建交信。 　　注：雙方均為進出口公司。 　　答案: 　　EAST-CHINA TRADING CORP. 　　475 Dongchang Road 　　Shanghai, China 　　Date: **** 　　Mid-West Import & Export, Inc. 　　300 South Michigan Avenue 　　Chicago 　　USA 　　Dear Sir or Madam, 　　The Commercial Counselor of your Embassy in Shanghai has recommend your firm as being interested in entering into business relations with a Chinese company for the purpose of exchanging various commodities between the two countries. 　　We specialize in Europe trade and we are very well connected with all the major dealers here of industrial products. But we have had no contact with your country. We're writing to you in order to ascertain whether cooperation to the advantage of both our parties could be established. 　　We invite you to send us details and prices, possibly also samples of such goods, as you are interested in selling. We shall be glad to study the sales possibilities in our market. On the other hand, please send us a list of those articles you are interested in obtaining from here, so that we can quote favorably on them and give you all the necessary information you need. 　　We look forward to hearing from you soon. 　　Yours sincerely, 　　East-China Trading Corp. 　　2. 　　網(wǎng)上有一則悉尼THOMAS WILSON CO.,LTD的求購廣告,急需一批EVA底運動鞋。發(fā)份E-MAIL 過去，再寄一套最新目錄。下面是公司的有關情況，你可以參考一下。 　　上海杰西化工進出口公司是一家國有外貿(mào)企業(yè)，主要經(jīng)營化學工業(yè)所需原料及相關產(chǎn)品的進出口業(yè)務。近年來，隨著公司內(nèi)部管理體制的改革及外貿(mào)業(yè)務的高速發(fā)展，公司已經(jīng)取得了巨大的成績。 　　橡膠制品部是公司的主要業(yè)務部門之一，經(jīng)營各類國產(chǎn)鞋類的出口，包括布面膠鞋、睡鞋、童鞋、膠底皮鞋、便鞋及EVA底運動鞋等，產(chǎn)品行銷香港、歐洲、美國及亞洲市場。 　　公司擁有經(jīng)驗豐富的制鞋專業(yè)人員， 品質管理人員及國際貿(mào)易人員，并與市內(nèi)和附近的十余制鞋廠家建立了密切的聯(lián)系，可確保穩(wěn)定廣泛的貨源及質量。 　　公司竭誠與國內(nèi)外的客戶尋求合作機會，可通過如興辦合資鞋廠，或來樣加工、補償貿(mào)易等多種形式，愿意按照互利互惠、共同發(fā)展的則同全世界的鞋類經(jīng)銷商聯(lián)系。 　　答案: 　　Dear Sir or Madam, 　　We learned from the Internet that you are in the market for jogging shoes with EVA sole, which just fall into our business scope. We are writing to enter into business relations with you on a basis of mutual benefits and common developments. 　　Our corporation, as a state-owned foreign trade organization, deals in the import and export of raw materials and relevant products for chemical industry. We have a Rubber Products Department, which specialize in the export of various kinds of shoes made in China including jogging shoes with EVA sole of fashionable designs, comfortable feeling, and high popularity in America, Europe and Asia. We have established close business relationship with more than a dozen of shoe manufacturers so that the stable supplies, the quality guarantee as well as the flexible ways of doing business can be reached. 　　Enclosed is our latest catalogue on jogging shoes with EVA sole, which may meet with your demand. If there isn't, please let us know your specific requirements. We can also produce according to your designated styles. 　　It will be a great pleasure to receive your inquiries against which we will send you our best quotations. 　　We are looking forward to your prompt reply. 　　Yours faithfully, 　　SHANGHAI JIEXI CHEMICALS IMPORT AND EXPORT CORPORATION 　　X X X 　　3. 　　一天，你在工作筆記上發(fā)現(xiàn)了如下一段文字： 　　Freemen & Co., Ltd., 2378 Flee Street,Lagos, Nigeria 　　除此之外便沒有更多的信息。作為上海機械進出口公司( 北京東路231號)的外銷員，請擬寫一封信函，附寄最新目錄，以拓展出口市場。 　　答案: 　　SHANGHAI MACHINERY IMPORT & EXPORT COMPANY 　　231 EAST BEIJING ROAD 　　SHANGHAI， CHINA 　　Date: **** 　　Freemen & Co., Ltd, 　　2378 Flee Street, 　　Lagos, Nigeria 　　Dear Sir or Madam, 　　We write to introduce ourselves as one of the largest exporters, from China, of a wide range of Machinery and Equipment. 　　We enclose a copy of our latest catalogue covering the details of all 　　the terms available at present, and hope some of these items will be of interest to you. It will be a great pleasure to receive your inquiries for any of the items against which we will send you our favorable quotations. 　　Should, by chance, your corporation not deal with the import of the goods mentioned above, we would be most grateful if this letter could be forwarded to your friend, or a firm, who may be concerned. 　　We are looking forward to your earliest reply. 　　Yours faithfully, 　　SHANGHAI MACHINERY IMPORT & EXPORT COMPANY 　　X X X 　　4. 　　1998年7月13日《金融信息》上有一則加拿大多倫多家用電器商EPSINA ELECTRIC APPLIANCES COMPANY的求購廣告，欲覓電風扇。 　　作為擁有獨立出口權的上海第一電器廠的外銷員，請擬一封建交信，特別推薦新產(chǎn)品“美瑞牌”( Merry Brand )電扇，附寄樣本,了解對方的往來銀行, 并告之本公司的資信情況可向中國銀行上海分行查詢。 　　答案: 　　Dear Sir or Madam, 　　We learned from the Financial News that you are a leading distributor of household electric appliances, and at present you are in the market for electric fans. 　　We, therefore, take pleasure in informing you that we are a reputable manufacturer producing various electric fans and have recently developed a new model of gentle breeze electric fan entitled “Merry” whose functions have been proved by a scrupulous test and whose designs and colors have been clearly explained in our illustrated catalog enclosed. You may share the view with us that Merry Brand or other series will have an easy access into your quality-oriented market. 　　We shall be much appreciated if you could furnish us with your comments on these items or your further specific requirements together with your bank's name and address. 　　For our credit standing, please refer to the following bank: 　　The Bank of China, Shanghai Branch 201 Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200561, China 　　Your immediate reply would be highly appreciated. 　　Yours faithfully, 　　SHANGHAI ELECTRIC APPLIANCES IMP. & EXP. CORP. 　　X X X 　　5. 　　Wit Ltd Co 是韓國一家頗具實力的經(jīng)銷商，在當?shù)赜袕V泛的商銷渠道。 　　上海新際進出口公司系專營輕工業(yè)產(chǎn)品的一家國有進出口公司。成立于1986年，擁有注冊資金人民幣2000萬元。成立十多年來，經(jīng)營商品種類已增至上百種。同時，仍不斷致力于與國內(nèi)優(yōu)秀生產(chǎn)廠家建立聯(lián)系，向國外客戶介紹中國的優(yōu)秀輕工業(yè)產(chǎn)品。 　　該公司新近組織到一批臺式打火機，款式新穎大方，制作精巧，選材獨特，既可用于點綴桌面，又可作為饋贈佳品。該產(chǎn)品已在日本打開銷路。 　　請根據(jù)上述背景， 代新際公司擬函，與Wit公司聯(lián)系，推薦上述產(chǎn)品，隨寄公司目錄，并另寄樣品。 　　答案 　　Dear Sir or Madam, 　　This is to introduce our company as a state-owned corporation specialized in the import and export of light industrial products with a registered capital of RMB 20 million. With years of effort we have expanded our business scope impressively and now we deal in nearly 100 kinds of merchandise. We've succeeded in establishing trade relationship with many advancing manufacturers in China and have introduced a lot of excellent products abroad. 　　We learned from the Foreign Department of Bank of China that you are a reputable distributor with extensive sales connections in your area. We write this letter with a view to getting into business with you in near future. Enclosed please find our latest catalogue. 　　For your information, we recently launched a kind of table lighter, as a novelty decoration or a practical gift, which is of supreme quality and fine workmanship. Its exceptional material and unique style have evoked a good reaction in Japan. We have airmailed some samples to you and expect your favorable comments. 　　We are looking forward to your early reply. 　　Yours truly 　　Shanghai Xinji Import & Export Co. 　　X X X
Gimhae is a state-owned foreign trade enterprises, in recent years, along with internal reforms and the rapid increase in business volume, the company and enhance the economic forces and reform the management system has made great achievements. The company has a number of experienced international business people, and with a number of manufacturers around the country have established close ties, according to the requirements of our customers supply all kinds of light industrial products, such as bicycles, handicrafts. European markets in the study, the company found that: Due to the cheap, environmental non-pollution, bicycles became widely popular European fitness equipment. The company decided based products is bike to further develop the European market. The company mainly engaged in "permanent" and "Phoenix" two brands of bicycles, the company is trying to seek opportunities for cooperation with European customers. June 2009 "Asia Magazine" (Asia Source) published, Denmark FLSMIDTH company wants to buy Chinese-made bicycle. Gimhae company clerk immediately and the "Asian Magazine" to get in touch, informed the company's full name and address to: ADDRESS: 77, VIGERSLEV ALLE, DK-2500 VALBY COPENHAGEN, DENMARK FAX: （01）20 11 90
　　Dear Sir or Madam, 　　Nice to contact you !We are glad to know your name and address on the Internet . Here writing you with expectation of establishing business relationship . Now we take this opportunity to introduce our company. 　　公司名字was founded in 2005 is located in 公司地點. We have a very large international business with lots of countries. The main export business: 產(chǎn)品名字. 　　If something is attracting ,please let us know, then we should send you the price sheet. Hope our products meet your market. So that we can start our bbusiness relationship for mutual benefit. 　　Thanking you in advance and looking forward to having your kind views on our business cooperation proposal. 　　Your prompt reply would be highly appreciated waiting for your kindly reply. 　　Yours faithfully 　　Fax:+86-413-758**** 　　Mobile:+86-1514******* 　　Email:****2010@yahoo.cn 　　Skype:***** 　　www.****.com 公司網(wǎng)站 　　你是新手吧，我也是。這個是我前幾天用的，希望對你有幫助